In most cases, pages linked from the homepage will be crawled sooner and therefore indexed faster. It is not always the case. Each website is different.

A big factor to consider is external links to specific pages on your website. Google crawls backlinks to discover and prioritize content for their search results.

What about the impact of information hierarchy on site indexing? Does Google use the directories from the site structure to prioritize which pages get indexed first?

No, Google ignore directories and general site structure. Instead, Google focuses on internal links and understanding the relationship between content pages.